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Nautical Publications
All the liquefied hydrocarbon gases are highly flammable. In the case of the "fuel" gases, such as methance, propane and butane, flammability is the property that establishes them as a major energy source. However, their combustibility makes them inherently hazardous and precautions must be taken to reduce this hazard to acceptable levels by preventing inadvertent releases of vapoir or liquid, reducing the possiblity of subsequent ignition of flammable vapoir and minimising the consequences of any fire that may occur.
"Liquefied Gas Fire Hazard Management" brings together, in a single volume, the principles of liquefied gas fire prevetion and firefighting. It covers a broad spectrum of the liquefied gas industry, including large refrigerated and smaller pressurised storage terminals, ships, cylinder filling plant and road and rail tanker loading racks.
The book has been compiled for operatinal staff, such as plant supervisors and ships' officers, who are involved in the handling of flammable liquefied gases. It will also be of benefit to fire officers and emergency planners who have liquefied gas installations whthin their jurisdiction, or experience regular road or rail car traffic involving these products in their area. This publication has bee compiled to provide readers with an insight into the design and operation of liquefied gas installations and the equipment essential for the safe and efficient functioning of such installations.
Although the book is not intended to give prescriptive guidance to designers of liquefied gas installations, the content should provide considerable background information, not least through the case histories of well-known liquefied gas incidents and also through the bibliography. The book also considers many of the most commonly encountered codes, standards and guidelines in use throughout the world and the differences between the prescriptive and risk-based approaches to the drafting of these documents. These are given only as examples and it should also be noted that many countries have guidelines and national standards that are mandatory. Typical practices based on some of these are to be found in Sections 3 and 4. This latter information provides guidance on industry self-regulation for countries where no legislation exists.
An overview is given of the properties of the flammable liquefied gases most commonly encoutered and the chemistry of combustion associated with these products. The means of storing and transporting liquefied gases either under pressure, in a refrigerated state, or using a combination of both, is also explained, along with the reasons for using the different techniques and the possible hazards associated with each of them.
Emergency response strategies are covered in depth, from contingency planning through to firefighting media and procedures for fighting liquefied gas fires. Also covered is the personal protective equpment necessary to protect responders from the effects of smoke, heat and gas.
Ignition prevention measures are discussed, including electrical zoning and the basic differences in ship and shore systems. Guidance is also given on the permit-to-work system, which is now almost universally accepted as being a major contributory factor in risk reduction.
Most regulatory regimes, whether prescriptive or risk-based, require ship or installation operators to demonstrate that their staff is adequately trained. Guidance is given on the training requirements for terminal staff and also the necessity for jont exercises with local fire brigades, emergency planning departments and harbour authorities. Suggestions are also given for the training of shipboard personnel in firefighting under the International Maritime Organization's(IMO) Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) Convention.
System failures can jeopardise the safety and integrity of the plant or ship and put lives at risk.As such, the book places considerable emphasis on the importance of the commissioning, testing and maintenance of critical systems such as fire and gas detection equipment.
The book concludeds with a selection of case histories of liquefied gas incidents. These have been selected to cover all facets of the liquefied gas industry, including LNG, LPG, ships and terminals. Each of the eight case histories demonstrates either the lessons to be learned from an actual incident or what can be achieved by informed and trained responders.
"Liquefied Gas Fire Hazard Management" brings together, in a single volume, the principles of liquefied gas fire prevetion and firefighting. It covers a broad spectrum of the liquefied gas industry, including large refrigerated and smaller pressurised storage terminals, ships, cylinder filling plant and road and rail tanker loading racks.
The book has been compiled for operatinal staff, such as plant supervisors and ships' officers, who are involved in the handling of flammable liquefied gases. It will also be of benefit to fire officers and emergency planners who have liquefied gas installations whthin their jurisdiction, or experience regular road or rail car traffic involving these products in their area. This publication has bee compiled to provide readers with an insight into the design and operation of liquefied gas installations and the equipment essential for the safe and efficient functioning of such installations.
Although the book is not intended to give prescriptive guidance to designers of liquefied gas installations, the content should provide considerable background information, not least through the case histories of well-known liquefied gas incidents and also through the bibliography. The book also considers many of the most commonly encountered codes, standards and guidelines in use throughout the world and the differences between the prescriptive and risk-based approaches to the drafting of these documents. These are given only as examples and it should also be noted that many countries have guidelines and national standards that are mandatory. Typical practices based on some of these are to be found in Sections 3 and 4. This latter information provides guidance on industry self-regulation for countries where no legislation exists.
An overview is given of the properties of the flammable liquefied gases most commonly encoutered and the chemistry of combustion associated with these products. The means of storing and transporting liquefied gases either under pressure, in a refrigerated state, or using a combination of both, is also explained, along with the reasons for using the different techniques and the possible hazards associated with each of them.
Emergency response strategies are covered in depth, from contingency planning through to firefighting media and procedures for fighting liquefied gas fires. Also covered is the personal protective equpment necessary to protect responders from the effects of smoke, heat and gas.
Ignition prevention measures are discussed, including electrical zoning and the basic differences in ship and shore systems. Guidance is also given on the permit-to-work system, which is now almost universally accepted as being a major contributory factor in risk reduction.
Most regulatory regimes, whether prescriptive or risk-based, require ship or installation operators to demonstrate that their staff is adequately trained. Guidance is given on the training requirements for terminal staff and also the necessity for jont exercises with local fire brigades, emergency planning departments and harbour authorities. Suggestions are also given for the training of shipboard personnel in firefighting under the International Maritime Organization's(IMO) Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) Convention.
System failures can jeopardise the safety and integrity of the plant or ship and put lives at risk.As such, the book places considerable emphasis on the importance of the commissioning, testing and maintenance of critical systems such as fire and gas detection equipment.
The book concludeds with a selection of case histories of liquefied gas incidents. These have been selected to cover all facets of the liquefied gas industry, including LNG, LPG, ships and terminals. Each of the eight case histories demonstrates either the lessons to be learned from an actual incident or what can be achieved by informed and trained responders.
